Organic Chemistry

Carbon Atoms	Prefix	Example
1	meth	methane
2	eth	ethane
3	prop	propane
4	but	butane
5	pent	pentane
6	hex	hexane
7	hept	heptane
8	oct	octane
9	non	nonane
10	dec	decane
If more than 10 carbons in chain use prefix below, followed by decade name
0		10 carbons = decane
1	un	11 carbons = undecane
2	do	dodecane
3	tri	tridecane
4	tetra	tetradecane
5	penta	pentadecane
6	hexa	hexadecane
7	hepta	heptadecane
8	octa	octadecane
9	nona	nonadecane
Prefixes for longer carbon chains
20	icos	icosane
21	unicos	unicosane
22	doicos	doicosane
30	triacont	triacontane
40	tetracont	tetracontane
50	pentacont	pentacontane
60	hexacont	hexacontane
70	heptacont	heptacontane
80	octacont	octacontane
90	nonacont	nonacontane
100	hect	hectane

Organic Compounds (2)

Group	Description	Suffix /Prefix	Example
Alcohols	normal chain of carbon atoms with 1 or more OH attached	anol	butanol H H H H \| \| \| \| H-C-C-C-C-OH \| \| \| \| H H H H
Alkanes	normal chain of carbon atoms with no multiple bonds	ane	Butane H H H H \| \| \| \| H-C-C-C-C-H \| \| \| \| H H H H
Alkenes	normal chain of carbon atoms with 1 or more double bonds	ene	Butene H H H \| \| \| H-C-C=C-C-H \| \| \| H H H
Alkynes	normal chain of carbon atoms with 1 or more triple bonds	yne	Butyne H H \| \| H-C-C≡C-C-H \| \| H H
Amides	normal chain of carbon atoms with 1 more =O,NH₂	anamine	butanamide H H H \| \| \| H-C-C-C-C-NH₂ \| \| \| ‖ H H H O
Amines	normal chain of carbon atoms with 1 or more NH₂	anamine	butanamine H H H H \| \| \| \| H-C-C-C-C-NH₂ \| \| \| \| H H H H
Bromides	normal chain of carbon atoms with 1 or more bromine attached	fluoro	bromobutane H H H H \| \| \| \| H-C-C-C-C-Br \| \| \| \| H H H H
Carboxylic Acids	normal chain of carbon atoms with 1 or more =O,OH attached	anoic acid	butanoic acid H H H \| \| \| H-C-C-C-C=O \| \| \| \| H H H OH
Chorides	normal chain of carbon atoms with 1 or more chlorine attached	fluoro	chlorobutane H H H H \| \| \| \| H-C-C-C-C-Cl \| \| \| \| H H H H
Cyanides	normal chain of carbon atoms with a ≡N	fluoro	cyanobutane H H H \| \| \| H-C-C-C-C≡N \| \| \| H H H
Cyclic	Contains a ring of carbon atoms	cyclo	cyclohexane H H \ / C-C / \ H-C C-H \ / C-C / \ H H
Esters	normal chain of carbon atoms with an Oxgen in the main chain and a =O off linked carbon	...yl...	methylethane Note this has 2 carbon chains, methane and ethane, linked by the yl. H H \| \| H-C-O-C-C-H \| ‖ \| H O H
Ethers	normal chain of carbon atoms with an Oxgen in the main chain	...oxy...	methoxyethane Note this has 2 carbon chains, methane and ethane, linked by the oxy. H H H \| \| \| H-C-O-C-C-H \| \| \| H H H
Fluorides	normal chain of carbon atoms with 1 or more fluorine attached	fluoro	fluorobutane H F H H \| \| \| \| H-C-C-C-C-H \| \| \| \| H H H H
Ketones	normal chain of carbon atoms with double bonded O off the main chain	anone	butanone H H O H \| \| ‖ \| H-C-C-C-C-H \| \| \| H H H