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Organic Chemistry
Number of Carbon Atoms

Carbon
Atoms		PrefixExample
1methmethane
2ethethane
3proppropane
4butbutane
5pentpentane
6hexhexane
7heptheptane
8octoctane
9nonnonane
10decdecane
If more than 10 carbons in chain
use prefix below, followed by decade name
0 10 carbons =
decane
1un11 carbons =
undecane
2dododecane
3tritridecane
4tetratetradecane
5pentapentadecane
6hexahexadecane
7heptaheptadecane
8octaoctadecane
9nonanonadecane
Prefixes for longer carbon chains
20icosicosane
21unicosunicosane
22doicosdoicosane
30triaconttriacontane
40tetraconttetracontane
50pentacontpentacontane
60hexaconthexacontane
70heptacontheptacontane
80octacontoctacontane
90nonacontnonacontane
100hecthectane
Naming Organic Compounds
GroupDescriptionSuffix
/Prefix		Example
Alcohols normal chain of carbon atoms with 1 or more OH attached anol butanol 
  H H H H
  | | | |
H-C-C-C-C-OH
  | | | |
  H H H H
Alkanes normal chain of carbon atoms with no multiple bonds ane Butane 
  H H H H
  | | | |
H-C-C-C-C-H
  | | | |
  H H H H
Alkenes normal chain of carbon atoms with 1 or more double bonds ene Butene 
  H   H H
  |   | |
H-C-C=C-C-H
  | |   |
  H H   H
Alkynes normal chain of carbon atoms with 1 or more triple bonds yne Butyne 
  H     H 
  |     |
H-C-C≡C-C-H
  |     |
  H     H
Amides normal chain of carbon atoms with 1 more =O,NH2 anamine butanamide 
  H H H 
  | | | 
H-C-C-C-C-NH2
  | | | ‖
  H H H O
Amines normal chain of carbon atoms with 1 or more NH2 anamine butanamine 
  H H H H
  | | | |
H-C-C-C-C-NH2
  | | | |
  H H H H
Bromides normal chain of carbon atoms with 1 or more bromine attached fluoro bromobutane 
  H H H H
  | | | |
H-C-C-C-C-Br
  | | | |
  H H H H
Carboxylic Acids normal chain of carbon atoms with 1 or more =O,OH attached anoic acid butanoic acid 
  H H H 
  | | | 
H-C-C-C-C=O
  | | | |
  H H H OH
Chorides normal chain of carbon atoms with 1 or more chlorine attached fluoro chlorobutane 
  H H H H
  | | | |
H-C-C-C-C-Cl
  | | | |
  H H H H
Cyanides normal chain of carbon atoms with a ≡N fluoro cyanobutane 
  H H H
  | | |
H-C-C-C-C≡N
  | | |
  H H H
Cyclic Contains a ring of carbon atoms cyclo cyclohexane 
  H     H
   \   /
    C-C
   /   \
H-C     C-H
   \   /
    C-C
   /   \
  H     H
Esters normal chain of carbon atoms with an Oxgen in the main chain and a =O off linked carbon ...yl... methylethane
Note this has 2 carbon chains, methane and ethane, linked by the yl. 
  H     H
  |     |
H-C-O-C-C-H
  |   ‖ |
  H   O H
Ethers normal chain of carbon atoms with an Oxgen in the main chain ...oxy... methoxyethane
Note this has 2 carbon chains, methane and ethane, linked by the oxy. 
  H   H H
  |   | |
H-C-O-C-C-H
  |   | |
  H   H H
Fluorides normal chain of carbon atoms with 1 or more fluorine attached fluoro fluorobutane 
  H F H H
  | | | |
H-C-C-C-C-H
  | | | |
  H H H H
Ketones normal chain of carbon atoms with double bonded O off the main chain anone butanone 
  H H O H
  | | ‖ | 
H-C-C-C-C-H
  | |   |
  H H   H
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